GEOPOLITICA DEL MONDO MODERNO

Monthly archive

Novembre 2016 - page 5

UNRWA workers’ strikes against agency’s administration could be suspended

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UNRWA declared it would suspend its strike against the agency’s administration for 10 days. Suheil al-Hindi, the head of the union, told that at Friday’s meeting with UNRWA’s general commissioner it was agreed to freeze the strike and form a committee to find solutions to the union’s demands. He said that the UNRWA administration had responded positively to the union’s demand to fill a number of job vacancies and had hired 200 new teachers, with 200 others to be hired in January. Al-Hindi reiterated that the union was also calling for an end to UNRWA service cuts across the Middle East, and an increase in salaries for local staff and added that the union would escalate its strikes and protests if an agreement was not reached in the coming 10 days.

Iran could allow Russia to use one of its airbases

On Saturday, Iranian Defense Minister, Hossein Dehghan, announced that the country’s authorities could allow Russia to use its Nojeh airbase near the western city of Hamadan for Moscow’s aerial operation against terrorists in Syria if the situation in the crisis-torn Middle Eastern nation demanded it. Later in the day, the Russian upper house of Parliament’s Defense Committee chair, Viktor Ozerov, affirmed that Russia could use Iran’s airbase if the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier, which is used for anti-terror strikes in Syria, moves away from the Syrian borders for a new mission. Iran allowed the Russian strike force to operate from the base in the Hamadan province in mid-August. The jets returned to Russia a week later, after completing their anti-terror mission, which targeted jihadists in Syria. However Tehran then announced that it suspended Russia’s use of the facility.

Aleppo: 5 blocks and more than 2,000 houses liberated

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On Sunday, a statement of Russia’s center for reconciliation of the warring parties in Syria said that the Syrian Armed Forces over the past two days managed to move forward into the eastern districts of the Aleppo city. The report affirmed that  in Aleppo’s eastern part from Jabhat al-Nusra and their armed allies have been liberated five blocks and more than 2,000 houses. Russia’s center for reconciliation of the warring parties in Syria has organized humanitarian aid delivery to Aleppo’s recaptured districts. According to SANA news agency, about 1,500 people have managed to leave eastern districts of Syria’s city of Aleppo that are occupied by militants, on Sunday. The Syrian Army is now conducting a large-scale clearance operation in the Masaken Hanano district, where terrorists from Al-Nusra Front and other radical groups mined buildings and roads to prevent civilians from fleeing the area through humanitarian corridors established by government forces.

Hamas and Islamic Jihad may partecipate to Fatah’s 7th conference

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The Hamas movement is currently discussing the possibility of attending Fatah’s seventh conference later this week, Hamas spokesman Hazem Qasim told Ma’an on Sunday. The announcement came almost a week after Hamas denied reports that it had been invited to attend the congress. Qasim said that Hamas had recently received an invitation to attend the Nov. 29 event in the West Bank city of Ramallah. Meanwhile, Islamic Jihad spokesman Daoud Shihab told Ma’an that the political faction had also received an invitation to the conference, and that it would send a representative to participate.

Authorities arrested an IS member who killed a Saudi soldier

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Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Interior has captured and arrested the main suspect responsible for killing a soldier in Tabuk. Mohammed al-Atwi pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and was arrested by authorities for killing Saudi soldier Abdullah Nasser al-Rashidi. He confessed to his crime and said he was driven by the ideology of the Daesh terrorist group and that he acted in response to the group’s orders to target members of the military.

4 IS-affiliated terrorists killed by IDF airstrikes

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An Israeli airstrike killed four members of an Islamic State-affiliated terrorist group in southern Syria on Sunday morning, following a clash near the border. No Israeli soldiers were injured in the exchange. Soldiers from the Golani Brigade’s reconnaissance unit had crossed the security fence with Syria to conduct an “ambush operation,” while remaining inside Israeli territory, when they came under attack from small arms fire.
They returned fire, but soon came under attack from mortar shells. In response, the Israel Air Force targeted a truck “that had some sort of machine gun on top of it” and killed the four terrorists who were riding in it.

US-Saudi criminal air strikes killed 16 civilians

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A total of 16 civilians, mostly women and children, were martyred when the US-Saudi aggression warplanes launched a series of air strikes on several districts of al-Hodayda port city overnight. In Marawiah, 12 citizens, mostly women and children were killed when the air strikes targeted two families’ houses in al-Katie area. In Khokha, the air raids hit a family home that resulted in the death of a woman and a girl, as well two others were wounded. In al-Durayhemi, the air strikes killed two citizens in Koud Enabah area.

Yemeni President expressed his condolences on death of Fidel Castro

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President Saleh al-Sammad on Sunday sent a cable of condolences to the President of the Republic of Cuba Raul Castro on the death of former Cuban President Fidel Castro. The President also expressed his and the Yemeni people’s sincere condolences and sympathy to the Fidel Castro’s family and to the Cuban people on the death of the freedom hero Fidel Castro.

 

Libya: waiting for Trump

While UN envoy Martin Kobler is realizing political talks with Libyan factions, waiting for Trump’s first step on the North African front, ISIS and migrant questions remain on Tripoli table.

November 21

A French national has been captured at an Islamic State (IS) training camp and he is held at Benghazi’s Grenada military prison. A video of him was broadcast yesterday by French TV channel M6 but it did not state where he was arrested nor they revealed his name. We know he was of Algerian origin and from the east of France. Questioned by a French reporter, the man said he had been a second-hand car salesman and that he was gone to Libya planning to move on to Syria and join the Nusra Front, the jihadist organisation previously part of Al-Qaeda. He had not intended to join IS. He refused to send a message to his family on the basis that French intelligence will know who he is soon.

November 22

Most migrants in Libya want to remain in the country and do not intend to head for Europe. The revelation came in the International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) latest Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix Flow Monitoring Analytical report. Libya remains the main country of intended destination for 56 percent of all 1,946 migrants surveyed, with 17 percent destined for Italy, 7 percent to Germany and 5 percent to France, the report says. The report says 81 to 83 percent of migrants from Egypt, Chad and Sudan surveyed intended to stay in Libya. Only 16 percent of Nigerian migrants intended to stay in Libya while 43 percent intended to travel to Italy, 12 percent to Italy, 12 percent to Germany and the remaining 29 percent to a variety of other countries. The demographic age of migrants surveyed were in their twenties, averaging of 29 and 98 percent were male. Most were from the countries bordering Libya: Niger, Egypt and Sudan. Nigerians were the fourth most represented group making up 10 percent of those surveyed. Economic reasons were given by 88 percent of all respondents as the main factors driving them to leave their countries of origin as well as the main reason determining migrants’ choice of destination. Seventy-four present of respondents said that they had spent over 6 months in Libya.

November 24
On Thursday, Libyan forces resumed their advance against Daesh militants holding out in a few streets in their former stronghold of Sirte, saying they had captured 25 houses and a stash of arms. Backed by US air strikes, the Libyan brigades have reduced the area held by the militants to a small patch of land near Sirte’s Mediterranean seafront after a campaign of more than six months. Lately, they say, they are advancing with more caution in the Ghiza Bahriya district to limit casualties among their own fighters and among any hostages and families still held there. “According to our information there are still civilians including women and children inside,” Mohamed Al Gasri, a spokesman for the brigades, told private TV station Libya’s Channel. “The instructions are not to rush in, in order to limit the damage.” Rida Issa, another spokesman for the brigades, said they had recovered a 106 mm anti-tank gun and a store of ammunition during Thursday’s advance. One of the Misrata-led forces had been killed and three wounded, he said. He said perhaps 70 houses remained under Daesh page6 Centro Studi Roma 3000 – Via Marco Simone, 80 00012 Guidonia Montecelio – Tel. 0039.0694801821 www.roma3000.it control. As of Tuesday, the United States had carried out 420 air strikes in Sirte since Aug.1, according to US Africa Command.

Redazione

Yemen: la crisi dimenticata

Medio oriente – Africa/POLITICA di

Fallite le 48 ore di cessate il fuoco in atto dal 19 al 21 novembre scorso tra il gruppo ribelle Houthi e le forze fedeli al Presidente Hadi in Yemen. Molteplici sono state le violazioni da entrambe le parti sin dall’inizio della tregua, motivo per cui ne è stata esclusa un’estensione. Lo stesso cessate il fuoco previsto per la notte del 17 novembre scorso era andato in fumo in seguito a una serie di scontri verificatesi nella città di Taiz, che avevano portato all’uccisione di più di venti persone.

Se è vero che siamo lontani dalla cessione delle ostilità sul campo, ancora più remota è un’intesa politica, che dovrebbe porre fine ad un conflitto che logora il paese da ormai 20 mesi. Nelle scorse settimane sono stati intensi i colloqui e gli incontri tra il Segretario di Stato americano John Kerry, l’inviato speciale delle Nazioni Unite Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed e paesi mediatori come l’Oman per trattare con le parti in conflitto e concordare un piano per ripristinare stabilità e sicurezza nel paese.

Molteplici le proposte rifiutate, tra cui l’ultima presentata da Kerry, in base al quale il Presidente Hadi avrebbe dovuto cedere il potere ad un nuovo vice presidente in cambio del ritiro dei ribelli dalle maggiori città del paese e la cessione degli armamenti di questi a parti terze neutrali.

Ad oggi, nessun accordo risulta, dunque, stabilito, data la riluttanza di entrambi gli attori a cedere quella parte di potere e di controllo che hanno sul paese. Da un lato, infatti, il Presidente Hadi rifiuta di cedere il passaggio dei propri poteri, dall’altro gli Houthi premono per mantenere il proprio arsenale militare. Ciò, infatti, garantisce loro un certo potere nella politica nazionale, rendendo il movimento un plausibile nuovo Hezbollah in Yemen, oppositore politico rilevante ma anche militarmente forte.

Sebbene l’attenzione internazionale sia attualmente riposta su altri temi, il conflitto in Yemen diventa giorno dopo giorno sempre più rilevante nei giochi politici regionali e internazionali.

Facciamo un passo indietro e torniamo alle origini dello scontro, nel novembre 2011, quando in seguito alle sollevazioni popolari l’allora Presidente Ali Abdullah Saleh è costretto a cedere in potere a Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. Il nuovo presidente, tuttavia, non riesce a gestire diverse problematiche capillari dello stato, come la disoccupazione, la corruzione, la fame e il terrorismo, lasciando così la popolazione in balia di piaghe che eliminano ogni speranza di ripristinare la stabilità nel paese.

Nel settembre del 2014, con il supporto dell’ex presidente Saleh, il gruppo ribelle denominato Houthi, movimento politico-religioso di matrice zaidita (ramo dello Sciismo), assume il controllo della regione settentrionale del paese ed entra nella capitale Sana’a. L’allora presidente Hadi viene messo agli arresti domiciliari e costretto alla fuga verso la città di Aden nel mese successivo.

Si formano, così, due fazioni: gli Houthi, alleati di Saleh, che controllano la capitale Sana’a e il governo internazionalmente riconosciuto del Presidente Hadi, con base ad Aden. In questo scenario si inseriscono sostenitori e alleati da entrambe le parti. Nel marzo del 2015 una coalizione militare a guida saudita inizia una campagna aerea contro le postazioni ribelli, nell’ottica di restaurare il governo Hadi. Da allora più di 10.000 persone sono rimaste uccise nel conflitto e le condizioni di vita nel paese sono peggiorate drasticamente, determinando uno stato di crisi umanitaria.

Dall’altro lato, invece, per quanto ripetutamente negato, pare esserci il sostegno politico e militare dell’Iran, con un gioco simile a quello già visto in Libano con Hezbollah. Secondo il Brigadiere Generale Ahmad Asseri, portavoce della coalizione saudita, esisterebbe proprio un legame tra il gruppo terroristico Hezbollah e gli Houthi. Esponenti del gruppo libanese sarebbero, infatti, stati rintracciati tra i militanti sciiti in Yemen.

Completano il quadro i gruppi terroristici di Al Qaeda nella Penisola Arabica (AQAP) e lo Stato Islamico (ISIS), che sfruttano l’instabilità della regione per portare avanti la propria agenda politica, riuscendo a prendere il controllo di alcuni territori nelle province meridionali (area controllata dal governo Hadi) e rendendo sempre più complessa la possibilità di ripristinare la sicurezza nel paese.

Risulta, dunque, evidente come il conflitto in Yemen non si limiti esclusivamente alle parti direttamente in campo, ma coinvolga numerosi attori esterni e sia collegato alle dinamiche di potere dell’intera regionale mediorientale. Ancora una volta, infatti, si ritrova la coppia Arabia Saudita-Iran, in lotta per l’egemonia nella regione e si ripropone la divisione tra una componente sciita, attualmente in controllo del Nord del paese, e una sunnita, facente capo al governo Hadi.

Oltre ad essere teatro della proxy war tra Riyadh e Teheran, lo scontro in Yemen rappresenta un fattore destabilizzante anche per il commercio internazionale. L’arsenale missilistico degli Houthi garantisce, infatti, ai ribelli gli strumenti necessari per colpire le navi in transito nello stretto di Bab el-Mandeb, una delle rotte più trafficate del commercio mondiale. Circa 4 milioni di barili transitano giornalmente in questo tratto di mare: è evidente come la sicurezza in questa zona diventi una condizione necessaria non solo per gli attori regionali ma anche per ulteriori stakeholder, come i paesi europei e gli Stati Uniti, fortemente dipendenti dalle riserve energetiche proveniente da questa regione.

Diventa, dunque, più comprensibile il motivo per cui le trattative con gli Houthi includano la cessione delle armi ribelli a delle unità neutrali; altrettanto chiaro è il perché questi ultimi abbiano dichiarato di voler mantenere almeno le armi leggere, garantendosi, così, uno strumento per mantenere potere nelle dinamiche nazionali, regionali e globali.

Le consultazioni continueranno nella speranza di raggiungere un accordo il prima possibile. Resta, tuttavia, da vedere quale sarà l’atteggiamento assunto dalla nuova amministrazione americana nei confronti del problema. In base alle dichiarazioni rilasciate da Donald Trump, infatti, gli Stati Uniti dovrebbero restare fuori da conflitti che non minacciano direttamente gli interessi nazionali e la guerra in Yemen non rappresenterebbe una priorità.

 

Paola Fratantoni

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